DIGITAL INNOVATION AND THE FUTURE OF WORK [electronic resource].

Preface xiii -- List of Contributors xv -- List of Figures xvii -- List of Tables xix -- List of Abbreviations xxi -- 1 Introduction 1 Hans Schaffers, Matti Vartiainen, and Jacques Bus 1.1 Digitalization in a Changing Society 1 -- 1.2 The Future of Work Revisited 4 -- 1.2.1 Mechanisms that Transform Ways of Working 4 -- 1.2.2 Future New Ways of Working Based on "Old" New Ways of Working 5 -- 1.3 Artificial Intelligence and Working Life 6 -- 1.4 Digital Work and the Human Condition 8 -- 1.5 Overview of Book Contributions 9 -- 1.5.1 Technology Evolution and Future Ways of Working 9 -- 1.5.2 Artificial Intelligence, Humans, and Work 10 -- 1.5.3 Transformation of Work and Employment 11 -- 1.5.4 Digitalization and the Need for Skills and Competencies 13 -- 1.5.5 New Forms of Decentralized Working and Cooperation 14 -- 2 The Future ofWork in the SixthWave 17 Sofi Kurki and Markku Wilenius 2.1 Introduction 17 -- 2.2 The Kondratieff Wave Theory as a Model for Societal Change 20 -- 2.3 Malaska's SocioEvolutionary Theory of Social Change 21 -- 2.4 The Society of Intangible Needs 24 -- 2.5 Evolution of Skills in Organizations 25 -- 2.6 Key Features of New Work 27 -- 2.7 Essential Work Skills in the Society for Intangible Needs 28 -- 2.8 Conclusion 35 -- 3 Emerging Technologies and Working Life 41 Risto Linturi and Osmo Kuusi 3.1 Introduction 42 -- 3.2 Technological Development and Societal Goals 43 -- 3.2.1 Anticipated Radical Technologies 43 -- 3.2.2 Global Value-Producing Networks 46 -- 3.2.3 Anticipating the Importance of Each ART and Likelihood of the Challenging Regimes 57 -- 3.3 Conclusions 60 -- 4 On Humans, Artificial Intelligence, and Oracles 63 Emilio Mordini 4.1 Introduction 64 -- 4.2 The Sorrento Counterfeiters 65 -- 4.3 The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 66 -- 4.4 What Computers Can't Do 71 -- 4.5 Esprit de G�eom�etrie and Esprit de Finesse 74 -- 4.6 The Symmetrical Logic 78 -- 4.7 Data and Totality 80 -- 4.8 The Death of the Pythia 83

5 Inclusively Designed Artificial Intelligence 89 Abhishek Gupta and Jutta Treviranus 5.1 Introduction 89 -- 5.2 The Illustrative Example of Disability 91 -- 5.3 Bias in Data Collection and Reuse 92 -- 5.4 Bias in Data Processing 94 -- 5.5 Bias in Buckets and Labels 96 -- 5.6 Bias in the Training and Validation Phase 97 -- 5.7 Self-Reinforcing Bias 98 -- 5.8 Transparency and Auditability 98 -- 5.9 Privacy and Protection Against Data Abuse and Misuse 99 -- 5.10 Opportunities to Address Bias 101 -- 5.10.1 Advantages of Diversification 103 -- 5.10.2 Stepping-stone Principle 104 -- 5.10.3 Move from Deep Learning to more Bottom-Up Systems 105 -- 5.10.4 Removing the Advantage of Being the Same as Most People 106 -- 5.10.5 Distributed AI 106 -- 5.11 Conclusion 107 -- 6 Working with Big Data and AI: Toward Balanced and ResponsibleWorking Practices 111 Valerie Frissen 6.1 Introduction 112 -- 6.2 Doing Ethics: Toward an Actionable Approach of Responsible AI 114 -- 6.3 Case 1: The Use of AI in Intensive Care 119 -- 6.3.1 Ethics by Design 122 -- 6.3.2 Ethics in Context 123 -- 6.3.3 Ethics in Use 124 -- 6.4 Case 2: The Use of Data Analysis and AI to Prevent Undermining Crime 124 -- 6.4.1 Approach 125 -- 6.4.2 Results 127 -- 6.4.3 Doing Ethics 129 -- 6.5 Discussion 130 -- 7 Working with Digital Technologies: Complexity, Acceleration, and Paradoxical Effects 137 Christian Korunka 7.1 New Digital Work Demands 138 -- 7.1.1 Dispersion of Digital Technologies in the World of Work 138 -- 7.1.2 Globalization and Acceleration as Drivers 142 -- 7.1.3 New Job Demands and Paradoxes 143 -- 7.1.4 Flexible Modes of Work 148 -- 7.2 New Work Demands and Quality of Working Life 149 -- 7.3 Conclusion: Need-based Work Design and the Future of Work 151 -- 8 Game-changing Technologies: Impact on Job Quality, Employment, and Social Dialogue 157 Eleonora Peruffo and Enrique Fern�andez-Mac�ias 8.1 Introduction 158 -- 8.2 Three Vectors of Change in the Digital Age 160 -- 8.3 Methodology 161 -- 8.4 Impact on the Production Process 161.

10 Workplace Innovation and Industry 4.0: Creating Synergies between Human and Digital Potential 197 Peter Totterdill 10.1 Introduction: A Critical Perspective 198 -- 10.2 The Promise (and Threat) of Industry 4.0 -- 199 -- 10.3 Old Skills for New Jobs 202 -- 10.4 The Emergence of a New Innovation Paradigm 203 -- 10.5 High Involvement Innovation and Industry 4.0 -- 205 -- 10.6 Defining Workplace Innovation 206 -- 10.7 Workplace Innovation and Digital Technologies: Creating Synergies in Practice 209 -- 10.7.1 The First Element: Jobs and Teams 209 -- 10.7.2 The Second Element: Organizational Structures, Management, and Procedures 211 -- 10.7.3 The Third Element: Employee-Driven Innovation and Improvement 212 -- 10.7.4 The Fourth Element: Co-created Leadership and Employee Voice 213 -- 10.8 Workplace Innovation as an Enabler of Digital Technologies 214 -- 10.9 People-Centered Change 215 -- 10.10 Conclusion 216 -- 11 Competencies in DigitalWork 225 Matti Vartiainen 11.1 Introduction 225 -- 11.1.1 What Happens to Work, Now and in the Future 225 -- 11.2 Technology as a Driver for a Change in Work 228 -- 11.2.1 Waves of Technological Development 228 -- 11.2.2 Types of "New" Technologies 229 -- 11.3 Digitalization Has a "Long Tail" 232 -- 11.3.1 Transforming Work Processes 233 -- 11.3.2 Changing Organizational Forms and Structures 237 -- 11.3.3 Creating New Ways of Digital Working 238 -- 11.3.3.1 Digitally Enhanced Remote Work 238 -- 11.3.3.2 From Mobile, Multilocational Work to Global Virtual Collaboration 239 -- 11.3.3.3 Working on Digital Online Platforms 240 -- 11.3.4 Loose Employment Relationships 241 -- 11.4 Competencies in Digital Work 243 -- 11.4.1 What are "Competency" and "Competence"? 244 -- 11.4.2 Examples of Digitally Impacted Competencies 245 -- 11.4.2.1 Competencies in Detached Global Telework 245 -- 11.4.2.2 Competencies in 3D Printing 246 -- 11.5 Conclusions: Competencies for the Future 247

12 Dominant Technology and Organization: Impact of Digital Technology on Skills 259 Steven Dhondt, Frans van der Zee, Paul Preenen, Karolus Kraan, and Peter R.A. Oeij -- 12.1 Introduction 260 -- 12.2 Dominant Technology 261 -- 12.2.1 Five Technology Types 261 -- 12.2.2 The Process of Technology Implementation: Vintage and Investments 263 -- 12.2.3 The Potential of Technology 266 -- 12.2.4 Measuring Dominant Technology 267 -- 12.2.5 Dominant Technology in the Dutch Manufacturing Industry 270 -- 12.3 Dominant Organizational Context 271 -- 12.3.1 Distinct Organizational Concepts 271 -- 12.3.2 Measuring Organizational Concepts at Different Levels 272 -- 12.3.3 Dominant Organizational Context in the Dutch Manufacturing Industry 273 -- 12.4 Predicting Impact of Dominant Technology and Organization on Skills 274 -- 12.4.1 Future Impacts 274 -- 12.4.2 Impact on Skills Within Jobs 275 -- 12.4.3 Impact on Skills Distribution Between Jobs 276 -- 12.5 Conclusion and Discussion 277 -- 12.6 Acknowledgements 278 -- 13 Digitalization and Management of Innovation: The Role of Technology, Environment, and Governance 285 Hans Schaffers 13.1 Introduction 286 -- 13.2 Digital Innovation as Multidimensional Concept 288 -- 13.2.1 Digital Technologies and Digital Innovation 288 -- 13.2.2 Digital Technologies and the Innovation Process 288 -- 13.3 Theoretical Viewpoints on Managing Digital Innovation 290 -- 13.3.1 Conceptual Analysis of Digital Innovation 290 -- 13.3.2 Innovation in Networks and Ecosystems 291 -- 13.3.3 Managing Digital Innovation in Ecosystems 294 -- 13.3.4 Digital Innovation in Collaborative Working Environments 296 -- 13.4 Digitalization and Managing Industrial Innovation 297 -- 13.4.1 Industrial Innovation in Ecosystem Environments 297 -- 13.4.2 Challenges to Create Industry 4.0 Business Ecosystems 299 -- 13.5 Digital Innovation in Urban Environments 301 -- 13.5.1 Cities as Complex Systems 301 -- 13.5.2 Organizing Digital Innovation in Urban Environments 302 -- 13.6 Digital Innovation in Blockchain Organizations 305.

8.5 Implications for Work and Employment 164 -- 8.5.1 Implications for Employment 164 -- 8.5.2 Implications for Working Conditions 168 -- 8.6 Impact on Industrial Relations and Social Dialogue 170 -- 8.7 Conclusion 171 -- 8.8 Acknowledgments 173 -- 9 The Diversity of Platform Work-Variations in Employment and Working Conditions 177 Irene Mandl and Cristiano Codagnone 9.1 Introduction 178 -- 9.2 Types of Platform Work in Europe 181 -- 9.3 The Impact of Platform Work-Diversity Across Types 185 -- 9.3.1 The Macro Perspective: Platform Work and the Labor Market 185 -- 9.3.2 The Micro Perspective: PlatformWork and Working Conditions 187 -- 9.4 Conclusions and Policy Pointers 189.

13.7 Conclusions and Outlook 307 -- 14 Open and Cooperative Infrastructures for Commons-Based Economies 319 Michel Bauwens and Sarah Manski 14.1 Describing the Context 319 -- 14.1.1 Commons-based Peer Production and the Need for Generative Market Forms 319 -- 14.1.2 Common Structures Found in Commons-based Peer Production 321 -- 14.2 Phenomenology of the Commons Economy 323 -- 14.3 Cooperative Forms for a Commons-centric Economy 325 -- 14.3.1 Transforming Rent-seeking Private Platforms into Platform Cooperatives 325 -- 14.3.2 Broadening the Scope of Urban Commons in the Context of Protocol Cooperatives 327 -- 14.3.3 Strengthening the Transnational Scope of Open Design Communities through Open Cooperativism 328 -- 14.4 The Suggested Solution Space: Techniques for Reverse Cooperation 329 -- 14.4.1 Accounting for Externalities 330 -- 14.4.2 The Historical Importance of Accounting 330 -- 14.5 The Evolution of a Generative Blockchain Space 332 -- 14.6 Commonizing the Blockchain Space 334 -- 14.7 Threefold Coordination of the Post-capitalist Economy 338 -- 14.8 -- Conclusion 340 -- Index 347 -- About the Editors 351.

The concept of digitalization captures the widespread adoption of digital technologies in our lives, in the structure and functioning of organizations and in the transformation of our economy and society. Digital technologies for data processing and communication underly high-impact innovations including the Internet of Things, wireless multimedia, artificial intelligence, big data, enterprise platforms, social networks and blockchain. These digital innovations not only bring new opportunities for prosperity and wellbeing but also affect our behaviors, activities, and daily lives. They enable and shape new forms of production and new working practices in sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, logistics and supply chains, energy, and public and business services. Digital innovations are not purely technological but form part of comprehensive systemic innovations of a sociotechnical and networked nature, requiring the alignment of technology, processes, organizations, and humans. Examples are platform-based work, customer driven value creating networks, and urban public service systems. Building on widespread networking, algorithmic decisions and sharing of personal data, these innovations raise intensive societal and ethical debates regarding key issues such as data sovereignty and privacy intrusion, business models based on data surveillance and negative externalization, quality of work and jobs, and market dominance versus regulation. In this context, this book focuses on the implications of digitalization for the domain of work. The book studies the changing nature of work as well as new forms of digitally enabled organizations, work practices and cooperation. The book sheds light on the technological, economic, and political forces shaping the new world of work and on the prospects for human-centric and responsible innovations. To this end, the book brings together a number of studies in five major topics: 1. The evolution of digital technology impacting ways of working; 2. The role of artificial intelligence in new ways of working; 3. Transformation of work, jobs and employment; 4. Digitalization and need for skills and competencies; and 5. New forms of decentralized working and cooperation.

OCLC-licensed vendor bibliographic record.